Philosophy
I suppose the hardcore academics will be slow in accepting some highly probably relevant astronomical data involving Homer's Odysseus.
That Odysseus took his time, 19 years, getting home to Ithaca from the Trojan War is the story Homer engraved in the "Odyssey." But exactly when did he rejoin his Penelope, who had been patient beyond belief?
Plutarch thought a crucial passage in the 20th book of the "Odyssey" to be a poetic description of a total solar eclipse at the time of Odysseus' return. A century ago, astronomers calculated that such an eclipse occurred over the Greek islands on April 16, 1178 B.C., the only one in the region around the estimated date of the sack of Troy. But nearly all classics scholars are highly skeptical of any connection.
An analysis of astronomical references in the epic has led two scientists to conclude that the homecoming of Odysseus, usually considered a fictional character set in the context of a real historical event, possibly coincided with the 1178 solar eclipse. If, that is, Homer indeed had in mind an eclipse when he wrote of a seer prophesying the death of Penelope's waiting suitors and their entrance into Hades.
The new interpretation of the eclipse hypothesis is reported in this week's issue of The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by Constantino Baikouzis and Marcelo O. Magnasco, scientists at the Laboratory of Mathematical Physics at Rockefeller University in New York and at the Astronomical Observatory of La Plata, in Argentina.
They concede that scholars of Homer are still not likely to give much credence to the idea. But it makes for an intriguing story, one that the blind bard, a mystery himself, would have appreciated.
Although an eclipse is not mentioned anywhere in the story, there are omens and what Plutarch inferred was a poetic description of a total solar eclipse. Odysseus has arrived home, disguised in beggar’s rags and in hiding before revealing himself. It happens that, when Penelope’s persistent suitors sit down for a noontime meal, they start laughing uncontrollably and see their food spattered with blood.
At this strange moment, the seer Theoclymenus foretells their death, ending with the sentence, "The Sun has been obliterated from the sky, and an unlucky darkness invades the world."
There are reasons to think that the darkness of a total eclipse had just fallen on Ithaca. It was close to noon when the 1178 eclipse occurred over the Ionian Sea. It was, as mentioned several times in the story, at the time of a new moon, which the scientists point out is "a necessary condition for a solar eclipse." And what better atmospherics to accompany a prophecy of doom than a total eclipse, which was considered an ill omen?
Experts on Homer have previously discounted such conjecture. For one thing, the earliest verified eclipse records are in the eighth century B.C., about the time Homer was writing but long after the action in what is known as the Trojan War, around the early 12th century B.C. Scholars say there is no evidence supporting a view at the time, widely quoted, that "a solar eclipse may mark the return of Odysseus."
In their report, Dr. Baikouzis and Dr. Magnasco acknowledged the speculative nature of their study, several times throwing in their own caveats. "The notion that the passage could refer not just to an allegorical eclipse used by the poet for literary effect but actually to a specific historical one," they agreed, "seems unlikely because it would entail the transmission through oral tradition of information about an eclipse occurring maybe five centuries before the poem was cast in the form we know today."
The two scientists derived a possible chronology from astronomical references in the story, including the stars by which Odysseus navigated, the sighting of Venus just before dawn as he arrives at Ithaca, and the new moon on the night before the massacre of the suitors and the presumed eclipse.
On the basis of their analysis, the scientists said, these three "references 'cohere,' in the sense that the astronomical phenomena pinpoint the date of 16 April 1178 B.C.," adding, "The odds that purely fictional references to these phenomena (so hard to satisfy simultaneously) would coincide by accident with the only eclipse of the century are minute."
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Philosophy
Odysseus and the 1178 B.C. total solar eclipse
I suppose the hardcore academics will be slow in accepting some highly probably relevant astronomical data involving Homer's Odysseus.
"Homecoming of Odysseus May Have Been in Eclipse"
by
John Noble Wilford
June 24th, 2008
The New York Times
by
John Noble Wilford
June 24th, 2008
The New York Times
That Odysseus took his time, 19 years, getting home to Ithaca from the Trojan War is the story Homer engraved in the "Odyssey." But exactly when did he rejoin his Penelope, who had been patient beyond belief?
Plutarch thought a crucial passage in the 20th book of the "Odyssey" to be a poetic description of a total solar eclipse at the time of Odysseus' return. A century ago, astronomers calculated that such an eclipse occurred over the Greek islands on April 16, 1178 B.C., the only one in the region around the estimated date of the sack of Troy. But nearly all classics scholars are highly skeptical of any connection.
An analysis of astronomical references in the epic has led two scientists to conclude that the homecoming of Odysseus, usually considered a fictional character set in the context of a real historical event, possibly coincided with the 1178 solar eclipse. If, that is, Homer indeed had in mind an eclipse when he wrote of a seer prophesying the death of Penelope's waiting suitors and their entrance into Hades.
The new interpretation of the eclipse hypothesis is reported in this week's issue of The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by Constantino Baikouzis and Marcelo O. Magnasco, scientists at the Laboratory of Mathematical Physics at Rockefeller University in New York and at the Astronomical Observatory of La Plata, in Argentina.
They concede that scholars of Homer are still not likely to give much credence to the idea. But it makes for an intriguing story, one that the blind bard, a mystery himself, would have appreciated.
Although an eclipse is not mentioned anywhere in the story, there are omens and what Plutarch inferred was a poetic description of a total solar eclipse. Odysseus has arrived home, disguised in beggar’s rags and in hiding before revealing himself. It happens that, when Penelope’s persistent suitors sit down for a noontime meal, they start laughing uncontrollably and see their food spattered with blood.
At this strange moment, the seer Theoclymenus foretells their death, ending with the sentence, "The Sun has been obliterated from the sky, and an unlucky darkness invades the world."
There are reasons to think that the darkness of a total eclipse had just fallen on Ithaca. It was close to noon when the 1178 eclipse occurred over the Ionian Sea. It was, as mentioned several times in the story, at the time of a new moon, which the scientists point out is "a necessary condition for a solar eclipse." And what better atmospherics to accompany a prophecy of doom than a total eclipse, which was considered an ill omen?
Experts on Homer have previously discounted such conjecture. For one thing, the earliest verified eclipse records are in the eighth century B.C., about the time Homer was writing but long after the action in what is known as the Trojan War, around the early 12th century B.C. Scholars say there is no evidence supporting a view at the time, widely quoted, that "a solar eclipse may mark the return of Odysseus."
In their report, Dr. Baikouzis and Dr. Magnasco acknowledged the speculative nature of their study, several times throwing in their own caveats. "The notion that the passage could refer not just to an allegorical eclipse used by the poet for literary effect but actually to a specific historical one," they agreed, "seems unlikely because it would entail the transmission through oral tradition of information about an eclipse occurring maybe five centuries before the poem was cast in the form we know today."
The two scientists derived a possible chronology from astronomical references in the story, including the stars by which Odysseus navigated, the sighting of Venus just before dawn as he arrives at Ithaca, and the new moon on the night before the massacre of the suitors and the presumed eclipse.
On the basis of their analysis, the scientists said, these three "references 'cohere,' in the sense that the astronomical phenomena pinpoint the date of 16 April 1178 B.C.," adding, "The odds that purely fictional references to these phenomena (so hard to satisfy simultaneously) would coincide by accident with the only eclipse of the century are minute."
- Lunar Eclipse...saturday, December 10th...super-sized For Some
Dr. Tony Phillips from NASA... Waking up before sunrise can be tough to do, especially on a weekend. On Saturday, Dec. 10th, you might be glad you did. A total eclipse of the Moon will be visible in the early morning skies of western Northern America....
- Lunar Eclipse Tonight
NASA | Lunar Eclipse Essentials "Lunar eclipse expected to turn the moon red" Skywatchers anticipate spectacular lunar elipse tonight as the moon will rise in the Earth's shadow by Ian Sample June 15th, 2011 guardian.co.uk The moon will rise...
- Blue Blue Moon And Partial Eclipse ...for The Irish
"New Year's Eve to coincide with eclipse" December 30th, 2009 RTE News Astronomy Ireland has urged people to consider beginning their New Year celebrations with an 'Eclipse Party' this year. For the first time since 1656, New Year's...
- Photographic Postcards...astronomy
Astronomy for Children--The Lunar Eclipse France Halley's Comet in 1066 from the Bayeux Tapestry France/United Kingdom "La Lune pour deux sous" [The Moon for a penny] France Solar Eclipse of August the 31st, 1909 Lyon, France The Imperial Marine...
- Good Luck...nasa's Servers Clogged For Eclipse Event
It appears that a lot of people are interested in this astronomical event--the total solar eclipse. NASA servers are clogged. Total Solar Eclipse of 2008 on August 1st...from China ...