Classic essays, monographs, books
Philosophy

Classic essays, monographs, books


The Internet is huge and it is often difficult to discover individual monographs, essays, or books even if search engines are used. So here is a list of those classic texts arranged by subject and by author.

ASTRONOMY/COSMOLOGY


Aristotle

On the Heavens


Ball, R. S.

Great Astronomers


Bethe, Hans

"Supernovae"


Brahe, Tycho

Astronomicall Coniectur [A New Star]


Copernicus, Nicolaus

De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium [On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres]


Eddington, Sir Arthur

New Pathways In Science


Eddington, Sir Arthur

Philosophy of Physical Science


Eddington, Sir Arthur

Relativity Theory of Protons and Electrons


Eddington, Sir Arthur

Space, Time and Gravitation : An Outline of the General Relativity Theory


Eddington, Sir Arthur

Stellar Movements and the Structure of the Universe


Eddington, Sir Arthur

The Nature of the Physical World


Elger, Thomas Gwyn

The Moon: A Full Description and Map of its Principal Physical Features


Everett, Edward

The Uses of Astronomy


Forbes, George

History of Astronomy


Galilei, Galileo

"Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems"


Gamow, George

The Birth And Death Of The Sun


Gamow, George

One Two Three...Infinity: Facts & Speculations Of Science


Gamow, George

Theory of Atomic Nucleus and Nuclear Energy Sources


Gillet, J. A.

"Astronomy: The Transit of Venus"

Figures:

#1

#2

#3

#4


Guillemin, Amédée

The Sun


Hoyle, Fred

Frontiers Of Astronomy


Koresh [Cyrus Reed Teed]

The Cellular Cosmogony: Or, The Earth a Concave Sphere


Lowell, Percival

The Evolution of the Worlds


Lowell, Percival

Mars and Its Canals


Lowell, Percival

The Solar System: Six Lectures Delivered at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in December, 1902


Maunder, E. Walter

The Astronomy of the Bible


Milne-Home, David

Essay on Comets, Which Gained the First of Dr. Fellowe's Prizes, Proposed to Those Who Had Attended the University of Edinburgh Within the Last Twelve Years (1828)


Mitchel, O. M.

The Astronomy of the Bible


Murray, David

"The Transit of Venus"

Figures:

#1

#2

#3

#4

#5


Newcomb, Simon

Sidelights On Astronomy


Pickering, Edward C.

The Future of Astronomy


Proctor, Richard A.

Transits of Venus: A Popular Account of Past and Coming Transits, From the First Observed by Horrocks A.D. 1639 to the Transit of A.D. 2012


Ptolemy

Tetrabiblos


Schiaparelli, Giovanni Virginio

"The Rotation and Physical Constitution of the Planet Mercury and the Planet Mars"


Serviss, Garrett P.

Curiosities of the Sky: A Popular Presentation of the Great Riddles and Mysteries of Astronomy


Smith, Charles H. [editor]

Man's Place in the Universe: A Study of the Results of Scientific Research in Relation to the Unity or Plurality of Worlds


Somerville, Mary

Mechanism of the Heavens


Stimson, Dorothy

The Gradual Acceptance of the Copernican Theory of the Universe


Todhunter, I

A History of the Mathematical Theories of Attraction and the Figure of the Earth from the Time of Newton to That of Laplace--Volume 1

A History of the Mathematical Theories of Attraction and the Figure of the Earth from the Time of Newton to That of Laplace--Volume 2


Tyson, Winston C.

Celestial Amusements


Wallace, Alfred Russel

Is Mars Habitable? A Critical Examination of Professor Lowell's Book "Mars and Its Canals," With an Alternative Explanation


Whewell, William

The Plurality of Worlds


CHEMISTRY


Belaiew, Colonel N.T.

Crystallisation Of Metals


Bingham, Eugene C.

Fluidity and Plasticity

le Chatelier, Henri Louis

A General Statement of the Laws of Chemical Equilibrium

Cohen, Julius B.

Practical Organic Chemistry

Dalton, John

"On the Absorption of Gases by Water and Other Liquids"

Faraday, Michael

"The Chemical History of a Candle"

Ladenburg, A.

Lectures On The History Of Development Of Chemistry Since The Time Of Lavioisier

Lob, Walter

Electro Chemistry For Organic Compounds

Turner, W. E. S.

MolecularAssociation

Villavecchia, Vittorio

Treatise On Applied Analytical Chemistry

Ward, Robert Avey

Elementary Chemistry for Science Schools and Classes

Wang, Chung Yu

Antimony


MATHEMATICS


Aleksandrov, A. D.

Intrinsic Geometry of Surfaces

Allman, George Johnston

Greek Geometry from Thales to Euclid--Part 1

Greek Geometry from Thales to Euclid--Part 2

Greek Geometry from Thales to Euclid--Part 3

Archibald, Raymond Clare

Euclid's Book on Divisions of Figures with a Restoration Based on the Woepcke's Text and on the Practica Geometriae of Leonardo Pisano

Baker, Arthur Latham

Elliptic Functions. An Elementary Text-Book for Students of Mathematics

Baker, Arthur Latham

Quaternions as the Results of Algebraic Equations

Baker, H. F.

Abel's Theorem and the Allied Theory, Including the Theory of the Theta Functions

Ball, Robert S.

A Treatise on the Theory of Screws

Barlow, Peter

An Elementary Investigation of the Theory of Numbers...

Bartlett, Dana Prescott

General Principles of the Method of Least Squares, with Applications

Bassett, Alfred Barnard

A Treatise on the Geometry of Surfaces

Besant, William Henry

Conic Sections Treated Geometrically

Besant, William Henry

Notes on Roulettes and Glissettes

Birkhoff, George D.

Dynamical Systems

Blichfeldt, Hans Frederik

Finite Collineation Groups, with an Introduction to the Theory of Groups of Operators and Substitution Groups

Booth, James

Theory of Elliptic Integrals, and the Properties of Surfaces of the Second Order, Applied to the Investigation of the Motion of a Body Round a Fixed Point

Booth, James

A Treatise on Some New Geometrical Methods--Volume 1

A Treatise on Some New Geometrical Methods--Volume 2

Boys, C. V.

Soap-Bubbles and the Forces which Mould Them

Briot

Briot and Bouquet's Elements of Analytical Geometry of Two Dimensions

Burkhardt, Heinrich Friedrich

Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable

Cajori, Florian

William Oughtred, a Great Seventeenth-Century Teacher of Mathematics

Campbell, John Edward

Introductory Treatise on Lie's Theory of Finite Continuous Transformation Groups

Carmichael, Robert Daniel

Diophantine Analysis

Carroll, Lewis [Reverend Charles Dodgson]

Alice's Adventures in Wonderland

Carroll, Lewis [Reverend Charles Dodgson]

The Hunting of the Snark

Carroll, Lewis [Reverend Charles Dodgson]

Jabberwocky

Carroll, Lewis [Reverend Charles Dodgson]

Phantasmagoria and Other Poems

Carroll, Lewis [Reverend Charles Dodgson]

Sylvie and Bruno

Carroll, Lewis [Reverend Charles Dodgson]

Sylvie and Bruno Concluded

Carroll, Lewis [Reverend Charles Dodgson]

Through the Looking-Glass

Carus, Paul

The Foundations of Mathematics

Casey, John

First Six Books of the Elements of Euclid, and Propositions I.-XXI. of Book XI., and an Appendix on the Cylinder, Sphere, Cone, etc., with Copious Annotations and Numerous Exercises

Casey, John

A Treatise on The Analytical Geometry

Cayley, Arthur

An Elementary Treatise on Elliptic Functions

Chasles, M.

Two Geometrical Memoirs on the General Properties of Cones of the Second Degree, and on the Spherical Conics

Chittenden, J. Brace

A Presentation of the Theory of Hermite's Form of Lame's Equation

Clifford, William Kingdon

Elements of Dynamic; an Introduction to the Study of Motion and Rest in Solid and Fluid Bodies--Parts 1-3

Elements of Dynamic; an Introduction to the Study of Motion and Rest in Solid and Fluid Bodies--Part 4

Conant, Levi L.

The Number Concept; its Origin and Development

Coolidge, Julian Lowell

The Elements of Non-Euclidean Geometry

Couturat, Louis

The Algebra of Logic

Craig, Thomas

A Treatise on Linear Differential Equations

Davies, Charles

Elements of Descriptive Geometry; with Application to Spherical, Perspective, and Isometric Projections, and to Shades and Shadows

Dickson, Leonard E.

Algebraic Invariants

Dickson, Leonard E.

Elementary Theory of Equations

Dixon, Edward Travers

The Foundations of Geometry

Dodgson, Charles Lutwidge [Lewis Carroll]

Euclid and His Modern Rivals

Eisenhart, Luther Pfahler

A Treatise on the Differential Geometry of Curves and Surfaces

Euclid

Elements

Ferrers, N. M.

An Elementary Treatise on Spherical Harmonics and Subjects Connected with Them

Fiske, Thomas Scott

Functions of a Complex Variable

Follows, George H.

The Essentials Of Descriptive Geometry

Forsyth, Andrew Russell

A Treatise on Differential Equations

Frankland, William Barrett

Theories of Parallelism: An Historical Critique

Glenn, Oliver Edmunds

A Treatise On The Theory Of Invariants

Goldblatt, Robert

Topoi, the Categorial Analysis of Logic


Halsted, George Bruce

Synthetic Projective Geometry

Hancock, Harris

Elliptic Integrals

Hanus, Paul Henry

An Elementary Treatise on the Theory of Determinants

Hardy, Arthur Sherbourne

Elements of Quaternions

Hardy, G. H.

The General Theory of Dirichlet's Series

Harkness, James

A Treatise on the Theory of Functions

Hatton, J. L. S.

The Principles of Projective Geometry Applied to the Straight Line and Conic

Hedrick, Earle Raymond

Applications of the Calculus to Mechanics

Hille, Einar

Functional Analysis and Semi-Groups

Hilton, Harold

Homogenous Linear Substitutions

Hilton, Harold

An Introduction to the Theory of Groups of Finite Order

Hime, Henry William Lovett

The Outlines of Quarternions

Hyde, Edward Wyllys

Grassmann's Space Analysis

Hymers, J.

A Treatise on Differential Equations and on the Calculus of Finite Differences--Volume 1

A Treatise on Differential Equations and on the Calculus of Finite Differences--Volume 2

Ibbetson, William John

An Elementary Treatise on the Mathematical Theory of Perfectly Elastic Solids, with a Short Account of Viscous Fluids

Jessop, Charles Minshall

Quartic Surfaces with Singular Points

Jessop, Charles Minshall

A Treatise on the Line Complex

Joly, Charles Jasper

A Manual for Quaternions

Jones, A. Clement

An Introduction to Algebraical Geometry

Jones, George William

A Treatise on Projective Geometry

Kempe, Alfred Bray

How to Draw a Straight Line; a Lecture on Linkages

Lefschetz, Solomon

Algebraic Topology

Legendre, A. M.

Elements of Geometry and Trigonometry

Macaulay, Francis Sowerby

The Algebraic Theory of Modular Systems

Macfarlane, Alexander

Vector Analysis and Quaternions

Manning, Henry Parker

Irrational Numbers and Their Representation by Sequences and Series

McAulay, Alexander

Utility of Quaternions in Physics

McClelland, William

A Treatise on the Geometry of the Circle

McMahon, James

Hyperbolic Functions

de Morgan, Augustus

Elementary Illustrations of the Differential and Integral Calculus

Murray, Daniel A.

Differential and Intergral Calculus

Osborne, George A.

Examples of Differential Equations, with Rules for Their Solution

Page, James Morris

Ordinary Differential Equations, with an Introduction to Lie's Theory of the Group of One Parameter

Peirce, Benjamin Osgood

An Elementary Treatise on Curves, Functions, and Forces--Volume 1

An Elementary Treatise on Curves, Functions, and Forces--Volume 2

Peirce, Benjamin Osgood

Elements of the Theory of the Newtonian Potential Function

Proctor, Richard

Chance and Luck: a Discussion of the Laws of Luck, Coincidences, Wagers, Lotteries, and the Fallacies of Gambling; with Notes on Poker and Martingales

Proctor, Richard

A Treatise on the Cycloid and all Forms of Cycloid Curves and on the use of Such Curves in Dealing with the Motions of Planets, Comets, &c. and of Matter Projected from the Sun

Reid, Legh Wilber

The Elements of the Theory of Algebraic Numbers

Roberts, Michael

A Tract on the Addition of Elliptic and Hyper-Elliptic Integrals

Russell, John Wellesley

An Elementary Treatise on Pure Geometry with Numerous Examples

Scott, Robert Forsyth

Theory of Determinants and Their Applications

Silverman, Louis Lazarus

On the Definition of the Sum of a Divergent Series

Smith, Charles

A Treatise on Algebra

Smith, David Eugene

The Hindu-Arabic Numerals

Snyder, Virgil

Differential and Integral Calculus

Snyder, Virgil

Elementary Textbook on the Calculus

Tanner, J. H.

A Brief Course in Analytic Geometry

Taylor, Charles

An Introduction to the Ancient and Modern Geometry of Conics, Being a Geometrical Treatise on the Conic Sections with a Collection of Problems and Historical Notes and Prolegomena

Thomson, Ansle William Haugh

A New Analysis of Plane Geometry, Finite and Differential, with Numerous Examples

Thomson, James

An Introduction to the Differential and Integral Calculus; with an Appendix, Illustrative of the Theory of Curves and Other Subjects

Todhunter, I.

An Elementary Treatise on the Theory of Equations, with a Collection of Examples

Todhunter, I.

A History of the Mathematical Theories of Attraction and the Figure of the Earth from the Time of Newton to that of Laplace--Volume 1

A History of the Mathematical Theories of Attraction and the Figure of the Earth from the Time of Newton to that of Laplace--Volume 2

Todhunter, I.

Solutions To Problems Contained in a Treatise on Plane Coordinate Geometry

Todhunter, I.

Spherical Trigonometry, for the Use of Colleges and Schools. With Numerous Examples

Todhunter, I.

A Treatise on the Integral Calculus and Its Applications with Numerous Examples

Todhunter, I.

A Treatise on Plane Co-ordinate Geometry as Applied to the Straight Line and the Conic Sections

Tolman, Richard Chace

Theory of the Relativity of Motion

Townsend, Edgar Jerome

Functions of a Complex Variable

Veblen, Oswald

Introduction to Infinitesimal Analysis; Functions of One Real Variable

Watson, Henry William

The Mathematical Theory of Electricity and Magnetism--Volume 1

The Mathematical Theory of Electricity and Magnetism--Volume 2

Weld, Laenas Gifford

Determinants

Weld, Laenas Gifford

Short Course in the Theory of Determinants

Wentworth, George

Solid Geometry

Wilczynski, E. J.

Projective Differential Geometry of Curves and Ruled Surfaces

Wilson, Edwin Bidwell

Advanced Calculus; a Text Upon Select Parts of Differential Calculus, Differential Equations, Integral Calculus, Theory of Functions; with Numerous Exercises

Woodward, Robert Simpson

Probability and Theory of Errors

Young, John Radford

Theory and Solution of Algebraical Equations of the Higher Orders


PHYSICS


Allardice, Corbin

"The First Atomic Pile": An Eyewitness Account Revealed by Some of the Participants and Narratively Recorded"


Allen, Grant

Force And Energy


Aristotle


Physics


Aston, F. W.

"Isotopes and Atomic Weights"


Avogadro, Lorenzo Romano Amadeo Carlo

"Essay on a Manner of Determining the Relative Masses of the Elementary Molecules of Bodies, and the Proportions in Which They Enter Into These Compounds"


Bacon, Francis

Valerius Terminus: On the Interpretation of Nature


Bateman, Harry

The Mathematical Analysis of Electrical and Optical Wave-motion on the Basis of Maxwell's Equations


Bethe, Hans

"Conversion in Matter May Account for Missing Solar Neutrinos"


Bethe, Hans

Elementary Nuclear Theory



Bethe, Hans

"Energy Production in Stars"


Bethe, Hans

"Mesons and Nuclear Forces"


Bohr, Niels

"Atomic Structure"


Bohr, Niels

"Discussions with Einstein on Epistemological Problems in Atomic Physics"


Bohr, Niels

"On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules"


Bohr, Niels

The Theory Of Spectra And Atomic Constitution


Bourne, John

A Catechism of the Steam Engine


Boyle, Robert

Experiments and Considerations Touching Colours


Brougham, Henry

Analytical View of Sir Isaac Newton's Principia


Brown, Robert

"Remarks on Active Molecules"


Bury, Charles R.

"Langmuir's Theory of the Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms and Molecules"


Calvert, J. B.

"The Electromagnetic Telegraph"


Cameron, A. T.

Radium and Radioactivity


Carnap, Rudolph

"Theories and Nonobservables"


Carnot, Sadi

Reflections on the Motive Power of Heat, and on Machines Fitted to Develop This Power


Chadwick, J.

"The Existence of a Neutron"


Curie, Eve

Madame Curie: A Biography


Debye, P.

"Van der Waal's Cohesive Forces"


Descartes, Rene

"Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting the Reason, and seeking Truth in the Sciences"


Doorly, Eleanor

The Radium Woman

Einstein, Albert

"Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy-Content?"


Einstein, Albert

"On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies"


Einstein, Albert

Relativity: The Special and General Theory


Einstein, Albert

Sidelights on Relativity


Fajans, Kasimir

"Radioactive Transformations and the Periodic System of The Elements"


Faraday, Michael

Experimental Researches in Electricity--Volume 1

Experimental Researches in Electricity--Volume 2

Experimental Researches in Electricity--Volume 3


Faraday, Michael

"On Electrical Decomposition"


Fermi, Enrico

"Possible Production of Elements of Atomic Number Higher than 92"

Frisch, O. R.

"Physical Evidence for the Division of Heavy Nuclei under Neutron Bombardment"


Frost, Percival

Newton's Principia, First Book Sections I, II, III, with Notes and Illustrations and a Collection of Problems, Principally Intended as Examples of Newton's Methods


Galilei, Galileo

"Galileo’s Considerations on the Copernican Opinion"


Galilei, Galileo

"Two Kinds Of Properties"


Geiger, H.

"On a Diffuse Reflection of the a-Particles"


Geiger, H.

"The Scattering of the a-Particles by Matter"


Glazebrook, Sir Richard

James Clerk Maxwell and Modern Physics


Goffman, Casper

Homeomorphisms in Analysis


Hahn, Otto

"Concerning the Existence of Alkaline Earth Metals Resulting from Neutron Irradiation of Uranium"


Hahn, Otto

"Proof of the Formation of Active Isotopes of Barium from Uranium and Thorium Irradiated with Neutrons; Proof of the Existence of More Active Fragments Produced by Uranium Fission"


Heilbron, J. L.

A History of the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory--Volume 1


Heisenberg, Werner

"The History of Quantum Theory"


Hertz, Heinrich

Electric Waves: Being Researches on the Propagation of Electric Action With Finite Velocity Through Space


van`t Hoff, J. H.

"The Role of Osmotic Pressure in the Analogy Between Solutions and Gases"

Joule, James P.

"On the Mechanical Equivalent of Heat"

Kelvin, Lord

"Aepinus Atomized"


Kirchhoff, Gustav

"Chemical Analysis by Observation of Spectra"


Kolle, Frederick Strange

The X Rays: Their Production and Application


Kossel, W.

"Molecule Formation as a Question of Atomic Structure"


Kuhn, Thomas

"The Nature and Necessity of Scientific Revolut"


Langmuir, Irving

"The Structure of Atoms and the Octet Theory of Valence"


Larson, Dewey B.

Beyond Newton


Levy, Leonard A. and Willis, Herbert G.

Radium and Other Radio-active Elements


London, E. Arnold

The Becquerel Rays and the Properties of Radium


Lorentz, H. A.

The Einstein Theory of Relativity


Lorentz, H. A.

"The Principle of Relativity"


Lorentz, H. A.

"The Theory of Electrons and Its Applications to the Phenomena of Light and Radiant Heat : A Course of Lectures Delivered in Columbia University, New York, in March and April, 1906"


Lucretius

"On the Nature of Things"


Maxwell, James Clerk

Five of Maxwell's Papers


Meitner, Lise

"Disintegration of Uranium by Neutrons: a New Type of Nuclear Reaction"


Metzenbaum, Myron

Radium, Radioactive Substances and Aluminum, with Experimental Research of the Same


Moseley, H. G. J.

"The High Frequency Spectra of the Elements"


Munro, John

The Story of Electricity


Nagaoka, H.

"Kinetics of a System of Particles illustrating the Line and the Band Spectrum and the Phenomena of Radioactivity"


Newton, Isaac

"Absolute and Relative Space, Time, and Motion"


Newton, Isaac

Principia: the Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy


Newton, Isaac

"Scholium on Absolute Space and Time" [a selection]


Pemberton, Henry

View of Sir Isaac Newton's Philosophy


Perrin, Jean

"New Experiments on the Kathode Rays"


Planck, Max

"On the Law of Distribution of Energy in the Normal Spectrum"


Planck, Max


The Origin and Development of the Quantum Theory


Planck, Max

Treatise On Thermodynamics


Planck, Max

The Universe In The Light Of Modern Physics

Poincaré, Lucien

The New Physics and Its Evolution


Poincaré, Lucien

"The Relativity of Space"


Reeve, Sidney A.

Energy, Work, Heat, and Transformations


Rutherford, E.

"A Radioactive Substance emitted from Thorium Compounds"


Rutherford, E.

"The Scattering of the a and b Rays and the Structure of the Atom"


Rutherford, E.

"Uranium Radiation and the Electrical Conduction Produced by It"


Sakata, Shoichi

"Theoretical Physics and Dialectics of Nature"


Schwarzschild, K.

"On the Gravitational Field of a Mass Point According to Einstein's Theory"


Soddy, Frederick

The Interpretation of Radium, Being the Substance of Six Free Popular Experimental Lectures Delivered at the University of Glasgow


Stoner, Edmund C.

"The Distribution of Electrons among Atomic Levels"


Tesla, Nikola

The Strange Life of Nikola Tesla


Thomson, J. J.

"On the Masses of the Ions in Gases at Low Pressures"


Thomson, J. J.

"On the Number of Corpuscles in an Atom"


Thomson, J. J.

"On the Structure of the Atom: an Investigation of the Stability and Periods of Oscillation of a number of Corpuscles arranged at equal intervals around the Circumference of a Circle; with Application of the Results to the Theory of Atomic Structure"


Thomson, William [Lord Kelvin]

"The Tides"


Tyndall, John

Faraday as a Discoverer


Tyndall, John

Six Lectures on Light: Delivered In The United States In 1872-1873


Uhlenbeck, G.E.

"Spinning Electrons and the Structure of Spectra"


White, Carol Schitzner

Energy Potential: Toward a New Electromagnetic Field Theory


Wright, J. M. F.

A Commentary on Newton's Principia--Volume 1

A Commentary on Newton's Principia--Volume 2


Zeeman, P.

"The Effect of Magnetisation on the Nature of Light Emitted by a Substance"






- Ultimate Dr. Seuss Geek Topic
In The Cat In The Hat Comes Back, the Cat comes returns to visit the brother and sister during the winter-time when they are tasked with shovelling a large amount of snow. The Cat goes into the house and takes a bath, leaving a large ring around the bath...

- Dover Publications' Popular Reprints Of Science Books
Back in print from Dover Publications. A History of Astronomy by A. Pannekoek Well-balanced, carefully reasoned study covers such topics as Ptolemaic theory, work of Copernicus, Kepler, Newton, Eddington's work on stars, much more. Illustrated....

- Einstein Train...rusted And Retired
Most unusual. The photo would make good for wallpaper or even a poster. From Physics Central: A train that describes how one might travel through spacetime was discovered in the Bolivian desert by a physics teacher. The old locomotive itself must have...

- International Year Of Astronomy And An Offering Of Cheap Telescopes
Galileo's Telescope The U.S. International Year of Astronomy 2009 opening ceremony is set for January 6th in Long Beach, California. Space.com has intimated that cheap telescopes will be offered to the general public. International Year of Astronomy:...

- Victorian Popular Astronomer: Sir Robert Stawell Ball
Sir Robert Stawell Ball 1840-1913 Sir Robert Ball SIR ROBERT STAWELL BALL Free, online books: A Popular Guide to the Heavens A Treatise on Spherical Astronomy Astronomy Elements of Astronomy Experimental Mechanics: A course of Lectures Delivered...



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